国际规则的弱化:特朗普政府如何改变国际规则(14)
(92)"Memorandum on Reforming Developing-Country Status in the World Trade Organization",The White House,July 26,2019,https://www.whitehouse.gov/presidential-actions/memorandumreforming-developing-country-status-world-trade-organization/.
(93)张生:《世界贸易组织改革背景下发展中成员的特殊与差别待遇问题》,载《太平洋学报》2019年第11期,第65~77页。
(94)美国贸易代表办公室(USTR)把二十国集团(G20)成员和全球贸易份额高于0.5%的经济体都归入不再享有优惠待遇的类别。USTR的清单参见Federal Register/Vol.85,No.27/Monday,February 10,2020/Notices,p.7614,https://ustr.gov/sites/default/files/Designations_Notice_2020-02524.pdf。
(95)参见世界贸易组织网站:https://www.wto.org/english/tratop_e/dispu_e/dispu_by_country_e.htm。
(96)石静霞:《世界贸易组织上诉机构的危机与改革》,载《法商研究》2019年第3期,第150~163页。
(97)《WTO上诉机构正式停摆,美国可放开手脚打贸易战》,BBC中文,2019年12月11日,https://www.bbc.com/zhongwen/simp/business-50741543。
(98)2019年,各成员向世贸组织提供的资金及其所占份额,参见世界贸易组织网站,https://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/secre_e/budget_e/budget2019_member_contribution_e.pdf。
(99)Bryce Baschuk,"WTO Members Agree on a 2020 Budget,Averting Jan.1 Shutdown",Bloomberg,December 5,2019,https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2019-12-05/wto-members-agree-on-a-2020-budget-averting-jan-1-shutdown.
(100)《特朗普总统在第73届联合国大会发表讲话》,美国驻华大使馆和领事馆,2018年9月25日,https://china.usembassy-china.org.cn/zh/remarks-by-president-trump-to-the-73rd-session-of-the-unitednations-general-assembly-new-york-ny/。
(101)Laura Hillard and Amanda Shendruk,"Funding the United Nations:What Impact do U.S.Contributions have on UN Agencies and Programs?",Council on Foreign Relations,April 2,2019,https://www.cfr.org/article/funding-united-nations-what-impact-do-us-contributions-have-un-agenciesand-programs.
(102)《不满联合国反恐机构会议安排 美国撤赞助》,新华网,2018年6月29日,
。
(103)John Fritze and Deirdre Shesgreen,"Pay Freeze at the UN? Trump Administration Owes the United Nations $1 billion",USA Today,October 9,2019,https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2019/10/09/donald-trump-dismisses-united-nations-deficits-says-others-should-pay/3917554002/.
(104)Victor D.Cha,"Powerplay:Origins of the U.S.Alliance System in Asia"; David A.Lake,Hierarchy in International Relations,Ithaca and London:Cornell University Press,2009.
(105)《〈关于中美经贸摩擦的事实与中方立场〉白皮书》,中国国务院新闻办公室,2018年9月24日,。
(106)巴里·卡特、艾伦·韦纳:《国际法》(下),冯洁菡译,商务印书馆2015年版,第877页。
(107)该法的具体条文参见美国财政部网站,https://www.treasury.gov/resource-center/sanctions/Documents/ieepa.pdf。
(108)"United States V.Christian Sapsizian",U.S.Department of Justice,June 9,2015,https://www.justicegov/criminal-fraud/case/united-states-v-christian-sapsizian-et-al-court-docket-number-06-cr-20797-pas.
(109)参见肖永平:《“长臂管辖权”的法理分析与对策研究》,载《中国法学》2019年第6期,第39~65页。
(110)强世功:《帝国的司法长臂——美国经济霸权的法律支撑》,载《文化纵横》2019年第4期,第84~93页;肖永平:《“长臂管辖权”的法理分析与对策研究》。
(111)
(112)Michael R.Pompeo,"The United States to Impose Sanctions on Chinese Firm Zhuhai Zhenrong Company Limited for Purchasing Oil from Iran",U.S Department of State,July 22,2019,https://www.state.gov/the-united-states-to-fimpose-sanctions-on-chinese-firm-zhuhai-zhenrong-company-limited-for-purchasing-oil-from-iran/.
(113)Michael R.Pompeo,"The United States Imposes Sanctions on Chinese Companies for Transporting Iranian Oil",U.S.Department of State,September 25,2019,https://www.state.gov/the-united-states-imposes-sanctions-on-chinese-companies-for-transporting-iranian-oil/.
(114)《阻断条例》的实施规定为Commission Implementing Regulation(EU)2018/1101 of 3 August 2018,具体条文参见https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg_impl/2018/1101/oj;《阻断条例》的实施指南为Guidance Note-Questions and Answers:Adoption of Update of the Blocking Statute(2018/C 277 I/03),具体条文参见https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=OJ%3AJOC_2018_277_I_0003。
(115)佟欣秋:《基于国家主权的反垄断法域外管辖权的实现机制》,载《大连海事大学学报》2010年第4期,第60~64页;何波:《欧盟阻断法令情况及对中国的启示》,载《国际贸易》2019年第10期,第90~96页。