国际规则的弱化:特朗普政府如何改变国际规则(13)
(68)David J.Lynch,Heather Long,and Damian Paletta,"Trump to Offer Temporary Tariff Exemption for Canada and Mexico",The Washington Post,March 8,2018,https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/economy/trump-considering-temporary-tariff-exemption-for-canada-andmexico/2018/03/07/7735c4d2-225a-11e8-badd-7c9f29a55815_story.html.
(69)关于NAFTA谈判过程中特朗普政府的策略,参见刁大明、宋鹏:《从〈美墨加协定〉看美国特朗普政府的考量》,载《拉丁美洲研究》2019年第2期,第80~94页。
(70)Amanda Connolly and Rahul Kalvapalle,"'Meek,Mild and Dishonest':Trump Lashes out at Trudeau after PM Contradicts Him in Public",Global News,June 10,2018,https://globalnews.ca/news/4265020/trump-tweets-about-trudeau-g7-trade/.
(71)魏红霞:《〈美墨加协定〉谈判中的各方利益博弈》,载《拉丁美洲研究》2019年第2期,第44~56页;张小波、李成:《论〈美国—墨西哥—加拿大协定〉背景、新变化及对中国的影响》,载《社会科学》2019年第5期,第27~39页。
(72)"President Donald J.Trump is Ending United States Participation in an Unacceptable Iran Deal",The White House,May 8,2018,https://www.whitehousegov/briefings-statements/president-donald-j-trump-ending-united-states-participation-unacceptable-iran-deal/.
(73)"President Donald J.Trump is Ending United States Participation in an Unacceptable Iran Deal".
(74)"Executive Order Reimposing Certain Sanctions with Respect to Iran",The White House,August 6,2018,https://www.whitehousegov/presidential-actions/executive-order-reimposing-certain-sanctions-respect-iran/.
(75)"U.S Government Fully Re-Imposes Sanctions on the Iranian Regime as Part of Unprecedented U.S Economic Pressure Campaign",U.S.Department of the Treasury,November 5,2018,https://home.treasury.gov/news/press-releases/sm541.
(76)"US Banned the World from Buying Oil from Iran",May 1,2019,https://afric.online/11827-us-banned-the-world-from-buying-oil-from-iran/.
(77)刘畅:《特朗普政府伊朗政策评析——兼论其在中东的逆动》,载《和平与发展》2019年第6期,第39~52页。
(78)如在对伊朗进行军事打击方面有时又表现出克制的一面,包括叫停对伊朗打下美国无人机的军事报复,以及即使在伊朗方面并不积极的情况下,也反复表示愿意与伊朗领导人进行会谈。
(79)关于承诺问题的讨论,参见Robert Powell,"War as a Commitment Problem",International Organization,Vol.60,Issue 1,2006,pp.169-203。
(80)参见特朗普于2018年8月3日签署的备忘录,"Presidential Memorandum for the Secretary of State,Secretary of the Treasury,Secretary of Homeland Security,Postmaster General and Chairman of the Postal Regulatory Commission",The White House,August 3,2018,https://www.whitehouse.gov/presidential-actions/presidential-memorandum-secretary-state-secretary-treasury-secretaryhomeland-security-postmaster-general-chairman-postal-regulatory-commission/。
(81)"Statement from the Press Secretary",The White House,October 17,2018,https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefings-statements/statement-press-secretary-38/.
(82)《万国邮联第三次特别大会新闻通气会实录》,中国国家邮政局,2019年10月14日,。
(83)同时需在2021-2025年间向万国邮联支付共计4000万瑞士法郎(即每年800万瑞士法郎)的补偿金。参见《万国邮联第三次特别大会新闻通气会实录》。
(84)中国所在的第3组国家在2020-2025年间,出口国际小包终端费将较2019年累计增长164%。参见《万国邮联第三次特别大会新闻通气会实录》。
(85)"Press Statement by Dr.Peter Navarro",U.S.Embassy and Consulate in Poland,November 25,2019,https://pl.usembassy.gov/press_navarro/,
(86)特朗普政府基于利益的考虑,对不同的国际组织和国际规则发起冲击,其背后是基于美国利益和调整相关领域国际规则的难易度考虑,因此,虽然看上去特朗普政府退出了不少国际组织和国际条约,但实际上其政策并非是一种简单的制度收缩,而是采取了不少进取行为。关于特朗普政府的制度收缩的论述,参见温尧:《退出的政治:美国制度收缩的逻辑》,载《当代亚太》2019年第1期,第4~37页。
(87)《商务部新闻发言人就中国在世贸组织起诉美国301征税建议措施发表谈话》,中国商务部,2018年4月4日,。
(88)《中国在世贸组织起诉美国301征税建议措施》,中国新闻网,2018年7月16日,。
(89)《中国在世贸组织追加起诉美国对2000亿美元中国产品的征税措施》,新华网,2018年9月18日,。
(90)Julie Bishop,"Interview with Kieran Gilbert",Sky News,March 8,2018,https://foreignminister.gov.au/transcripts/Pages/2018/jb_tr_180308.aspx.
(91)"President Donald J.Trump's Policy Agenda and Annual Report for Free,Fair and Reciprocal Trade",The White House,February 28,2018,https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefings-statements/president-donald-j-trumps-policy-agenda-annual-report-free-fair-reciprocal-trade/.